Listing description
Foxtail millet (Chinese: 狐狸尾小米; botanic name Setaria italica, synonym Panicum italicum L.) is an
annual grass grown for human food. It is the second-most widely planted species
of millet, and the most important in East Asia.
Detailed description
It has the longest history of cultivation among
the millets, having been grown in India since antiquity. According to recent
research, it was first domesticated in China around 6,000 BC. Other names for the species include dwarf setaria,[2] foxtail bristle-grass,[3] giant setaria,[2] green foxtail,[2] Italian millet,[2]German millet,[2] and Hungarian millet.
Description
Foxtail millet is an annual grass with slim, vertical,
leafy stems which can reach a height of 120–200 cm (3.9–6.6 ft).
The small seeds, around 2 mm (less than 1/8
in.) in diameter, are encased in a thin, papery hull which is easily removed in threshing. Seed color varies greatly between varieties.
Names
Names for foxtail millet in other languages spoken
in the countries where it is cultivated include:
·
Hindi कांगणी (Kangni)
·
Korean: jo (조). The grain obtained from it is
called jopsal (좁쌀), a word that is
commonly used in Korean as a metaphor for pettiness or innumerable small things
(such as bumps of a skin rash).
·
Mandarin
Chinese: xiǎomǐ (小米). It is the term
commonly used for the grain after it has been husked (husks have been removed);
unhusked grain is called guzi (谷子) in North China. Also
called su (粟).[5]
·
Tamil: thinai, kavalai, or kambankorai; nuvanam (millet flour). The gruel made from
millet, the staple of Ancient Tamils, is called kali, moddak kali, kuul, or sangati.
Cultivation
In South India, it has been a staple diet among
people for a long time from the sangam period. It is
popularly quoted in the old Tamil texts and is
commonly associated with Lord Muruga and his consort Valli.
In China, foxtail millet is the most common millet
and one of the main food crops, especially among the poor in the dry northern
part of that country. In Southeast
Asia, foxtail millet is commonly cultivated in its dry,
upland regions.[6] In Europe and North
America it is planted at a moderate scale for hay and silage, and to a
more limited extent for birdseed.
It is a warm season crop, typically planted in late
spring. Harvest for hay or silage can be made in 65–70
days (typical yield is 15,000-20,000 kg/ha of green matter or
3,000-4,000 kg/ha of hay), and for grain in 75–90 days
(typical yield is 800–900 kg/ha of grain). Its early maturity and
efficient use of available water make it suitable for raising in dry areas.
Diseases of foxtail millet include leaf and head
blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea, smut disease caused by Ustilago crameri, and green ear caused by Sclerospora graminicola. The unharvested crop is also susceptible to attack by birds and rodents.
PRICE
$5.55/KG OR $2.52/IB
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